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Australian History

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Australian History

Australia has been inhabited for at least 50,000 years, since the remote ancestors of the current Australian Aboriginal people. Early records of its discovery by European expeditions date back to the 16th century. James Cook is widely regarded as the most important naval explorer of Australia.

It was claimed by Britain in 1770, and first colonised in 1788 as a penal colony.

The opening up of the interior to European settlement occurred gradually throughout the colonial period. From about 1815 the colony began to grow rapidly as free settlers arrived attracted by the prospect of making a new life on virtually free Crown land and new lands were opened up for farming. Many settlers occupied land without authority and became the basis of a powerful landowning class.

Gold produced sudden wealth for a few culminating in the great Land Boom of the 1880s. Within a few years, these new settlers outnumbered the convicts and ex-convicts. Australia gained a reputation as "the working man's paradise."

The industrial struggles of the 1890s produced a new strain of Australian radicalism and nationalism and a push for an Australian Federation began. Queen Victoria of the United Kingdom gave her royal assent creating the Commonwealth of Australia, thus uniting the separate colonies on the continent under one federal government in 1901.The Australia Act in (1986) eliminated the last vestiges of British legal authority at the Federal level.

After World War II, Australia launched a massive immigration program, believing that having narrowly avoided a Japanese invasion in the Second World War, Australia must "populate or perish”. More than two million people immigrated to Australia from Europe during the 20 years after the end of the war. Immigration was still restricted to Europeans in most circumstances, although the White Australia policy was gradually eased from the 1950s onwards.

The late 1960s and early 1970s saw a flowering of Australian culture. Indigenous Australians achieved greater rights, immigration restrictions and censorship laws were swept aside, theatre and opera companies were established across the country. Economic growth have continued at high rates through the 1990s.

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